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Diagnostics

Laboratory diagnostics

The diagnostics laboratory of Institute Niška Banja performs analyses in hematology, biochemistry and immunology.

The laboratory is equipped with the state-of-the-art equipment. Tests are conducted on an automated hematologic, biochemical, and immunologic analyzer connected to the Medical Information System (MIS) which enables great precision and accuracy in work. MIS allowed the creation of a patient database.

In its work the diagnostics laboratory uses the principles of good laboratory practice. The team of experts that works in this unit is up-to-date wiht all novelties in the development of modern medicine and laboratory diagnostics and applies them.

All the employees are learning continuously. In order to meet the demands of patients and doctors new diagnostic procedures and analyses are constantly introduced, new funds invested into the purchase of the latest equipment. Internal quality control is conducted every day while external control is conducted six times per year.

In the diagnostics laboratory you can have a hematologic, biochemical or immunologic analysis, an urinalysis, and an analysis for crystals in synovial fluid.

Radiology diagnostics unit

The main activity of the unit is the radiography of the skeletal system and the heart and lungs as well. The unit comprises three sections: a digital X-ray on Radon’s third floor, a digital X-ray in Zelengora, and a mobile X-ray in the Orthopaedics department in Zelengora. The first two can send images into PACS and doctors can assess them and their complete chronology through the Medical Information System (MIS).

Non-invasive Cardiac Diagnostics

This type of diagnostics uses the following methods:

Echocardiography (heart echo, heart ultrasound) – 2D and 3D

  • Echocardiography offers – a visual display of heart structures – the appearance and size of heart cavities, the appearance and function of heart valves (normal and artificial), the appearance and contractability of the heart wall, the presence of foreign entities in the heart, the appearance of the cardiac tissue.

Carotid Ultrasound

  • Ultrasound examination of carotid arteries (Doppler) is an ultrasound test of the neck arteries that supply blood to the brain. The method enables doctors to see the appearance of the carotid and vertebral arteries, their width, the degree of arteriosclerosis, age, possible narrowing, stroke risks, blood flow towards the brain, etc.

Doppler Ultrasound of Lower Extremities

  • Doppler ultrasound of lower extremities is a pain-free non-invasive diagnostic method that measures blood flow through the vessels of lower extremities. This method can spot the narrowing of blood vessels or their widening (aneurysms). Also, it identifies deposits or plaque that narrow a blood vessel, thrombosis (partial or complete clogging of an artery or vein by a blood clot), varicose veins, and the degree of widening.

Holter ECG

  • This is a method where the electrical activity of the heart is continuously monitored (over 24 hours, sometimes even longer). This method records heart rhythm disorders or electrical impulse conductivity disorders, which cannot be identified by a shorter ECG test.

24 hour Blood Pressure Monitor

  • This is a non-invasive method where blood pressure is monitored over 24-hour period (sometimes even longer). It monitors blood pressure oscillation during normal every day activities. It records the average blood pressure over 24 hours, day, night and morning values in order to diagnose disease, determine the effect of therapy, assess the risk for complication.

Exercise test

  • This test is a non-invasive cardiac procedure that assesses the effect of physical stress on the heart. It is used to discover whether there is myocardial ischemia present (reduced circulation) that can be manifested as chest pain and/or ECG changes.

Stress Echo Test

  • The test represents an ultrasound diagnostic method for the visualization of the heart muscle under physical stress. During a stress echocardiogram a patient is exposed to controlled physical stress (the use of ergo cycle or a pharmacological agent (a medication) dopamine (pharmacological stress echocardiogram)) that induces myocardial ischemia or in other words it reduces oxygen supply to the heart muscle with constant monitoring of the heart frequency, artery blood pressure, and echocardiographic record.

Rheumatic Diagnostics

Densitometry Unit

  • Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a low level of the bone density and micro damage of the bone tissue with consequentical increase of the bone fragility and proneness to fractures. The best method for density measurement is osteodensitomery on a DXA densitmeter. The measurement is done on the lumbar spine, hips, forearms; however, it is possible to measure the bone density of the whole body.

Ultrasound Diagnostics Unit

  • Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is a diagnostic method for visualization (observation of soft tissues from the skin to the bone surface). The method enables the observation during movement (dynamic ultrasound) which increases the method’s sensitivity. It is a method where a doctor can see the changes in real-time that have occurred since the last examination. The test can be recorded and used later. This method helps guiding the needle during an arthrocentesis (diagnostic and therapeutic procedure of needle insertion into the joint).

Capillaroscopy Unit

  • Capillaroscopy is a method designed to evaluate small skin vessels. The most suitable place for this method is the nailfold covered with a thin layer of transparent colourless oil. Depending on the state of the capillary loops it is possible to notice the differences between the normal capillaries of a healthy person and the capillaries of one with miscovascular disorders. Capillaroscopy is performed in a room with a microclimate in the patient’s comfort zone.

Peripheral Joint MRI and X-ray Diagnostics Unit

  • MRI is a superior painless harmless non-invasive diagnostics method used for examination of the musculoskeletal system. It gives information on the damage degree of the soft tissues and cartilage surrounding joints, the meniscus, ligaments, joint capsules, and bone structures beneath joint cartilage. It is a starting point for planning further surgical or non-surgical treatment.

EMNG

Electromyoneurography  (EMNG) is an electo-physiological method for the measurement of peripheral nerve and muscle function. The electric activity of the nerves in a muscle is presented visually on an monitor after the electric stimulation by insertion an electrode into the muscle. Based on the analysis of the shown nerve and muscle activity we can conclude whether the function of the muscle or nerves has changed and if there is a lesion present.

Using this method we can assess the degree of a lesion and its location which is important for the choice of treatment method (medicinal-physical therapy or surgical treatment). Patients referred to this method suffer from intervertebral disc disease, cervical and lumbar spondylosis, inflammatory rheumatism, connective tissue disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disorders, AIDS, nerve traumas, compression neuropathy as well as patients with incomplete post-operative treatment.